St Paul's Bay

San Pawl il-Baħar · Malta · Traffic · Urban

What's affecting the air?(4)

Conditions across the Maltese Islands that may be influencing air quality. Context explains a reading; it never adjusts one, and it does not establish the cause of any individual measurement.

Saharan dust forecast
The CAMS model forecasts mineral dust concentrations peaking near 40 µg/m³ over the Maltese Islands, with an aerosol optical depth of about 0.37. Dust transported from North Africa may contribute to elevated PM10 and, to a lesser extent, PM2.5. Dust is a natural source, but the particles it adds affect health in much the same way as other coarse particulate matter.
May worsen air quality
ForecastModerate confidenceMaltese Islands
Most relevant to: PM10, PM2.5
Thu 30 Jul, 17:00 – Sat 1 Aug, 01:00
Source:Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS), via Open-Meteo (Opens in a new window)
Retrieved at Wed 29 Jul, 20:46
Light winds and limited dispersion
Wind speeds are forecast to fall to about 1.8 km/h for around 11 hours. Light winds may allow locally emitted pollutants — traffic nitrogen dioxide and fine particles in particular — to accumulate near the ground instead of dispersing.
May worsen air quality
ForecastModerate confidenceMaltese Islands
Most relevant to: NO₂, PM2.5, PM10
Thu 30 Jul, 21:00 – Fri 31 Jul, 07:00
Source:Open-Meteo weather forecast (ECMWF and DWD models) (Opens in a new window)
Retrieved at Wed 29 Jul, 20:46
Conditions that may favour ozone formation
Warm, sunny and lightly ventilated conditions are forecast around the middle of the day, with temperatures near 33.9 °C. Ozone is formed in sunlight from other pollutants rather than emitted directly, so this combination is likely to raise afternoon ozone levels.
May worsen air quality
ForecastModerate confidenceMaltese Islands
Most relevant to: O₃
Fri 31 Jul, 10:00 – Fri 31 Jul, 18:00
Source:Open-Meteo weather forecast (ECMWF and DWD models) (Opens in a new window)
Retrieved at Wed 29 Jul, 20:46

View all(1)

Shallow mixing layer — possible temperature inversion
The forecast mixing layer drops to about 25 m with warmer air above it. That pattern is the signature of a temperature inversion, which may trap pollutants close to the ground overnight and into the early morning. This is a model-based indication rather than a measured inversion.
May worsen air quality
ForecastLower confidenceMaltese Islands
Most relevant to: NO₂, PM2.5, PM10
Fri 31 Jul, 23:00 – Sat 1 Aug, 01:00
Source:Open-Meteo weather forecast (ECMWF and DWD models) (Opens in a new window)
Retrieved at Wed 29 Jul, 20:46

Source:Open-Meteo weather forecast (ECMWF and DWD models)Source:Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS), via Open-Meteo

Retrieved at Wed 29 Jul, 20:50

Air quality now

Fair2.3Provisional

Air quality is fair. Outdoor activities are fine for most people.

Concentrations are a little above the lowest band but remain well within everyday levels.

Leading pollutant: PM2.5The pollutant with the highest sub-index at this hour. The overall band is the worst sub-index across the pollutants this station reported.

Live1 hour oldMeasured at Wed 29 Jul, 19:00Retrieved at Wed 29 Jul, 20:46

Next reading expected around Wed 29 Jul, 20:58

Near-real-time readings are provisional. ERA validates data after publication, and figures may be revised.

Pollutants measured

Measured at Wed 29 Jul, 19:00

PM2.5, fine particulate matter
Leading pollutant
9.4 µg/m³
PM2.5, fine particulate matter: Fair2.3
Averaging period: Hourly
PM10, coarse particulate matter
24 µg/m³
PM10, coarse particulate matter: Fair2.3
Averaging period: Hourly
Nitrogen dioxide
10 µg/m³
Nitrogen dioxide: Good2.0
Averaging period: Hourly
Ozone
65 µg/m³
Ozone: Fair2.1
Averaging period: Hourly
Sulphur dioxide
0.9 µg/m³
Sulphur dioxide: Good1.0
Averaging period: Hourly

Trends and recent history

Hourly values as published, including hours the feed filled in by modelling.

The published feed carries roughly ten days of hourly history and about two days of forecast, so no longer window is offered. Hours the instrument did not report are shown as gaps. This view covers 208 hours from Wed 22 Jul, 21:00 to Fri 31 Jul, 12:00.

Concentration (µg/m³)

Time (Malta)

Measured
Gap — no value published for that hour
Everything to the right of this line is forecast.

Good 0–20 µg/m³

Sulphur dioxide at St Paul's Bay, hourly, in µg/m³, covering the last 7 days. The published points run from Wed 22 Jul, 21:00 to Fri 31 Jul, 12:00. 208 hours are shown: 154 measured, 0 filled in by modelling, 0 forecast, and 54 with no value at all. Measured values ran from 0.6 µg/m³ at Thu 23 Jul, 06:00 to 15 µg/m³ at Mon 27 Jul, 08:00, averaging 1.1 µg/m³ across the 154 measured hours.

Show the values as a table

Values shown in the chart above — Sulphur dioxide, µg/m³.
Time (Malta)	Value	Band	How the value was obtained
Wed 22 Jul, 21:00	0.7 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Wed 22 Jul, 22:00	0.9 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Wed 22 Jul, 23:00	0.9 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Thu 23 Jul, 00:00	0.7 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Thu 23 Jul, 01:00	0.7 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Thu 23 Jul, 02:00	0.7 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Thu 23 Jul, 03:00	0.6 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Thu 23 Jul, 04:00	0.6 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Thu 23 Jul, 05:00	Not available	No data	No value for this hour
Thu 23 Jul, 06:00	0.6 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Thu 23 Jul, 07:00	0.7 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Thu 23 Jul, 08:00	0.7 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Thu 23 Jul, 09:00	0.9 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Thu 23 Jul, 10:00	0.7 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Thu 23 Jul, 11:00	1.1 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Thu 23 Jul, 12:00	1.1 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Thu 23 Jul, 13:00	1.1 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Thu 23 Jul, 14:00	1.3 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Thu 23 Jul, 15:00	1.3 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Thu 23 Jul, 16:00	1.3 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Thu 23 Jul, 17:00	1.3 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Thu 23 Jul, 18:00	1.3 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Thu 23 Jul, 19:00	1.3 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Thu 23 Jul, 20:00	1.6 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Thu 23 Jul, 21:00	1.4 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Thu 23 Jul, 22:00	1.2 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Thu 23 Jul, 23:00	1.2 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Fri 24 Jul, 00:00	1.1 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Fri 24 Jul, 01:00	1.2 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Fri 24 Jul, 02:00	1.0 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Fri 24 Jul, 03:00	1.1 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Fri 24 Jul, 04:00	1.0 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Fri 24 Jul, 05:00	Not available	No data	No value for this hour
Fri 24 Jul, 06:00	1.1 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Fri 24 Jul, 07:00	1.1 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Fri 24 Jul, 08:00	1.1 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Fri 24 Jul, 09:00	1.0 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Fri 24 Jul, 10:00	0.8 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Fri 24 Jul, 11:00	0.8 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Fri 24 Jul, 12:00	1.0 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Fri 24 Jul, 13:00	0.8 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Fri 24 Jul, 14:00	0.8 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Fri 24 Jul, 15:00	1.1 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Fri 24 Jul, 16:00	0.8 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Fri 24 Jul, 17:00	1.0 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Fri 24 Jul, 18:00	1.1 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Fri 24 Jul, 19:00	1.1 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Fri 24 Jul, 20:00	1.2 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Fri 24 Jul, 21:00	1.2 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Fri 24 Jul, 22:00	1.1 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Fri 24 Jul, 23:00	1.0 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Sat 25 Jul, 00:00	1.0 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Sat 25 Jul, 01:00	0.9 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Sat 25 Jul, 02:00	0.9 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Sat 25 Jul, 03:00	1.0 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Sat 25 Jul, 04:00	1.0 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Sat 25 Jul, 05:00	Not available	No data	No value for this hour
Sat 25 Jul, 06:00	Not available	No data	No value for this hour
Sat 25 Jul, 07:00	Not available	No data	No value for this hour
Sat 25 Jul, 08:00	Not available	No data	No value for this hour
Sat 25 Jul, 09:00	Not available	No data	No value for this hour
Sat 25 Jul, 10:00	1.6 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Sat 25 Jul, 11:00	1.2 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Sat 25 Jul, 12:00	1.1 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Sat 25 Jul, 13:00	1.1 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Sat 25 Jul, 14:00	1.2 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Sat 25 Jul, 15:00	1.1 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Sat 25 Jul, 16:00	1.0 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Sat 25 Jul, 17:00	1.1 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Sat 25 Jul, 18:00	1.1 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Sat 25 Jul, 19:00	0.9 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Sat 25 Jul, 20:00	1.2 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Sat 25 Jul, 21:00	1.1 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Sat 25 Jul, 22:00	1.2 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Sat 25 Jul, 23:00	1.1 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Sun 26 Jul, 00:00	1.2 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Sun 26 Jul, 01:00	1.4 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Sun 26 Jul, 02:00	1.0 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Sun 26 Jul, 03:00	1.0 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Sun 26 Jul, 04:00	0.8 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Sun 26 Jul, 05:00	Not available	No data	No value for this hour
Sun 26 Jul, 06:00	0.9 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Sun 26 Jul, 07:00	1.0 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Sun 26 Jul, 08:00	1.2 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Sun 26 Jul, 09:00	1.0 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Sun 26 Jul, 10:00	0.9 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Sun 26 Jul, 11:00	1.0 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Sun 26 Jul, 12:00	0.9 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Sun 26 Jul, 13:00	0.9 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Sun 26 Jul, 14:00	0.9 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Sun 26 Jul, 15:00	1.0 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Sun 26 Jul, 16:00	0.8 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Sun 26 Jul, 17:00	0.9 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Sun 26 Jul, 18:00	1.1 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Sun 26 Jul, 19:00	1.1 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Sun 26 Jul, 20:00	1.0 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Sun 26 Jul, 21:00	1.0 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Sun 26 Jul, 22:00	0.9 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Sun 26 Jul, 23:00	1.0 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Mon 27 Jul, 00:00	1.0 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Mon 27 Jul, 01:00	0.8 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Mon 27 Jul, 02:00	0.8 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Mon 27 Jul, 03:00	Not available	No data	No value for this hour
Mon 27 Jul, 04:00	Not available	No data	No value for this hour
Mon 27 Jul, 05:00	Not available	No data	No value for this hour
Mon 27 Jul, 06:00	1.1 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Mon 27 Jul, 07:00	6.6 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Mon 27 Jul, 08:00	15 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Mon 27 Jul, 09:00	2.0 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Mon 27 Jul, 10:00	1.0 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Mon 27 Jul, 11:00	0.9 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Mon 27 Jul, 12:00	1.0 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Mon 27 Jul, 13:00	0.8 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Mon 27 Jul, 14:00	0.9 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Mon 27 Jul, 15:00	1.0 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Mon 27 Jul, 16:00	0.9 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Mon 27 Jul, 17:00	0.8 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Mon 27 Jul, 18:00	0.8 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Mon 27 Jul, 19:00	1.1 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Mon 27 Jul, 20:00	1.0 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Mon 27 Jul, 21:00	0.9 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Mon 27 Jul, 22:00	0.9 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Mon 27 Jul, 23:00	1.0 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Tue 28 Jul, 00:00	0.8 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Tue 28 Jul, 01:00	0.8 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Tue 28 Jul, 02:00	0.9 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Tue 28 Jul, 03:00	0.8 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Tue 28 Jul, 04:00	0.9 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Tue 28 Jul, 05:00	Not available	No data	No value for this hour
Tue 28 Jul, 06:00	1.0 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Tue 28 Jul, 07:00	0.9 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Tue 28 Jul, 08:00	1.3 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Tue 28 Jul, 09:00	1.3 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Tue 28 Jul, 10:00	1.6 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Tue 28 Jul, 11:00	1.6 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Tue 28 Jul, 12:00	1.6 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Tue 28 Jul, 13:00	1.8 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Tue 28 Jul, 14:00	1.9 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Tue 28 Jul, 15:00	1.4 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Tue 28 Jul, 16:00	2.1 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Tue 28 Jul, 17:00	1.5 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Tue 28 Jul, 18:00	1.1 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Tue 28 Jul, 19:00	1.0 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Tue 28 Jul, 20:00	1.0 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Tue 28 Jul, 21:00	1.1 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Tue 28 Jul, 22:00	1.1 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Tue 28 Jul, 23:00	0.8 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Wed 29 Jul, 00:00	0.9 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Wed 29 Jul, 01:00	0.7 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Wed 29 Jul, 02:00	0.8 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Wed 29 Jul, 03:00	0.7 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Wed 29 Jul, 04:00	0.7 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Wed 29 Jul, 05:00	Not available	No data	No value for this hour
Wed 29 Jul, 06:00	0.7 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Wed 29 Jul, 07:00	0.8 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Wed 29 Jul, 08:00	0.9 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Wed 29 Jul, 09:00	0.9 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Wed 29 Jul, 10:00	0.9 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Wed 29 Jul, 11:00	0.9 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Wed 29 Jul, 12:00	1.0 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Wed 29 Jul, 13:00	0.9 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Wed 29 Jul, 14:00	0.9 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Wed 29 Jul, 15:00	0.8 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Wed 29 Jul, 16:00	0.8 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Wed 29 Jul, 17:00	0.8 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Wed 29 Jul, 18:00	0.8 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Wed 29 Jul, 19:00	0.9 µg/m³	Good	Measured
Wed 29 Jul, 20:00	Not available	No data	No value for this hour
Wed 29 Jul, 21:00	Not available	No data	No value for this hour
Wed 29 Jul, 22:00	Not available	No data	No value for this hour
Wed 29 Jul, 23:00	Not available	No data	No value for this hour
Thu 30 Jul, 00:00	Not available	No data	No value for this hour
Thu 30 Jul, 01:00	Not available	No data	No value for this hour
Thu 30 Jul, 02:00	Not available	No data	No value for this hour
Thu 30 Jul, 03:00	Not available	No data	No value for this hour
Thu 30 Jul, 04:00	Not available	No data	No value for this hour
Thu 30 Jul, 05:00	Not available	No data	No value for this hour
Thu 30 Jul, 06:00	Not available	No data	No value for this hour
Thu 30 Jul, 07:00	Not available	No data	No value for this hour
Thu 30 Jul, 08:00	Not available	No data	No value for this hour
Thu 30 Jul, 09:00	Not available	No data	No value for this hour
Thu 30 Jul, 10:00	Not available	No data	No value for this hour
Thu 30 Jul, 11:00	Not available	No data	No value for this hour
Thu 30 Jul, 12:00	Not available	No data	No value for this hour
Thu 30 Jul, 13:00	Not available	No data	No value for this hour
Thu 30 Jul, 14:00	Not available	No data	No value for this hour
Thu 30 Jul, 15:00	Not available	No data	No value for this hour
Thu 30 Jul, 16:00	Not available	No data	No value for this hour
Thu 30 Jul, 17:00	Not available	No data	No value for this hour
Thu 30 Jul, 18:00	Not available	No data	No value for this hour
Thu 30 Jul, 19:00	Not available	No data	No value for this hour
Thu 30 Jul, 20:00	Not available	No data	No value for this hour
Thu 30 Jul, 21:00	Not available	No data	No value for this hour
Thu 30 Jul, 22:00	Not available	No data	No value for this hour
Thu 30 Jul, 23:00	Not available	No data	No value for this hour
Fri 31 Jul, 00:00	Not available	No data	No value for this hour
Fri 31 Jul, 01:00	Not available	No data	No value for this hour
Fri 31 Jul, 02:00	Not available	No data	No value for this hour
Fri 31 Jul, 03:00	Not available	No data	No value for this hour
Fri 31 Jul, 04:00	Not available	No data	No value for this hour
Fri 31 Jul, 05:00	Not available	No data	No value for this hour
Fri 31 Jul, 06:00	Not available	No data	No value for this hour
Fri 31 Jul, 07:00	Not available	No data	No value for this hour
Fri 31 Jul, 08:00	Not available	No data	No value for this hour
Fri 31 Jul, 09:00	Not available	No data	No value for this hour
Fri 31 Jul, 10:00	Not available	No data	No value for this hour
Fri 31 Jul, 11:00	Not available	No data	No value for this hour
Fri 31 Jul, 12:00	Not available	No data	No value for this hour

Lowest measured: 0.6 µg/m³; Thu 23 Jul, 06:00
Average of measured hours: 1.1 µg/m³
Highest measured: 15 µg/m³; Mon 27 Jul, 08:00
Hours with a measured value: 154 of 208

Figures cover directly measured hours only. Modelled and forecast hours are excluded from the minimum, maximum and average. Near-real-time data is published before validation and may be revised or withdrawn by ERA.

Some past hours are modelled too: the feed fills gaps when an instrument does not report. Those points are marked as estimated. All times are shown in Malta time.

How this compares

SO₂ — 0.9 µg/m³

Below the EU limit value of 350 µg/m³
350 µg/m³ over 1 hour · Reference: Directive 2008/50/EC Annex XI
Below the EU limit value of 125 µg/m³
125 µg/m³ over 24 hours · Reference: Directive 2008/50/EC Annex XI
Below the WHO guideline of 40 µg/m³
40 µg/m³ over 24 hours · Reference: WHO 2021

EU limit values describe legal compliance over long averaging periods. The index bands above are for communication and are a different thing entirely. WHO guidelines are health-based guidance, not law.

What this means for you

Advice for the current band: Fair

For most people

Outdoor activity remains fine for the general population.

If you are more sensitive

A small number of unusually sensitive people may notice mild symptoms during long outdoor exertion.

Who is more affected, and why

Children: Children breathe more air for their size and spend more time active outdoors, so they take in relatively more of whatever is in the air.
Older adults: Existing heart or lung conditions become more common with age, and these are what air pollution tends to aggravate.
People who are pregnant: Reducing avoidable exposure during raised episodes is a reasonable precaution.
People with asthma: Raised particles, nitrogen dioxide and ozone can all trigger symptoms. Keep reliever medication to hand on poor-air days.
People with lung conditions: COPD, bronchitis and similar conditions can flare when levels rise. Plan outdoor activity for cleaner hours where possible.
People with heart conditions: Fine particles are the pollutant most closely linked with cardiovascular effects during raised episodes.
People who work outdoors: Long shifts outdoors mean higher cumulative exposure than a short trip. Take breaks indoors when levels are raised.
People exercising hard outdoors: Hard exercise draws more air deeper into the lungs and often through the mouth, bypassing the nose. Consider rescheduling intense sessions when levels are raised.

Advice here is general and precautionary. Air quality is one factor among many, and staying active remains beneficial. If you have severe or sudden symptoms, seek medical help rather than relying on this page.

maqua.app provides general environmental information and does not replace medical advice or official emergency guidance.

Estimated air-quality outlook

Estimated

Forecast values are model output, not measurements. Modelled estimates from the Copernicus atmosphere service, carried in the same feed.

Prepared at: Wed 29 Jul, 20:50
Based on measurements up to: Wed 29 Jul, 19:00
Published outlook: Wed 29 Jul, 20:00 to Fri 31 Jul, 12:00 (41 hours)

Moderate confidence

Looks 20 hours ahead, where the official model becomes less certain.

Highest band expected Fri 31 Jul, 12:00 Highest expected band: Moderate3.6

29 July 2026
Highest band estimated for this day: Fair
Estimated · Higher confidence · 4 forecast hours
Driven by O₃
30 July 2026
Highest band estimated for this day: Moderate
Estimated · Moderate confidence · 24 forecast hours
Driven by O₃
31 July 2026
Highest band estimated for this day: Moderate
Estimated · Lower confidence · 13 forecast hours
Driven by O₃

Why the outlook looks like this

Saharan dust alongside a rising particulate forecast
Mineral dust is forecast over the Maltese Islands, peaking near 40 µg/m³, at the same time as the official forecast shows coarse particulate levels rising. Dust transported from North Africa may contribute to the increase.
May push levels upModerate confidenceWed 29 Jul, 20:00 – Thu 30 Jul, 20:00
Source:Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS), via Open-Meteo (Opens in a new window)

What this outlook cannot tell you

These are modelled values for St Paul's Bay, not measurements, and may differ from what is later recorded there.
The model describes regional conditions. It cannot anticipate a local event such as roadworks, a fire or a fireworks display.
Confidence falls the further ahead the outlook reaches.
No forecast is published for SO₂ at this station, although the station measures it.

Modelled hourly concentrations from the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service, published alongside the measurements in the EEA European Air Quality Index dissemination layer and classified with the same European AQI bands maqua.app applies to observations. maqua.app does not model air quality and does not adjust these values.

How the index is calculated

Source:Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS), disseminated by the European Environment Agency (EEA) (Opens in a new window)(Copernicus and EEA open data)

maqua.app provides general environmental information and does not replace medical advice or official emergency guidance.

Explain this reading

Explanations are general information, not medical advice. Every number on this page is calculated by the application itself and is unaffected.

Where this reading comes from

Air-quality data provided by Malta's Environment and Resources Authority (ERA), disseminated via the European Environment Agency (EEA). maqua.app is an independent project and is not operated by, affiliated with, or endorsed by ERA or the EEA.

Each pollutant concentration is rounded to the nearest whole microgram per cubic metre and matched against the published band ranges. The location takes the band of its worst pollutant. A missing value is shown as unavailable and never as zero. Bands are calculated only from pollutants that actually reported.

This is not an official ERA or EEA service. For official statements, consult ERA directly.

Station detail

Station type: TrafficSited beside a busy road, so it records the higher end of local exposure.
Area: Urban
Island: Malta
Altitude: 7 m above sea level
Coordinates: 35.9448° N, 14.3857° E
Operated by: Environment & Resources Authority (ERA)

Station code: MT00009

All times are shown in Malta time.

What's affecting the air?(4)

Saharan dust forecast

Light winds and limited dispersion

Conditions that may favour ozone formation

Shallow mixing layer — possible temperature inversion

Air quality now

Pollutants measured

PM2.5PM2.5, fine particulate matter

PM10PM10, coarse particulate matter

NO₂Nitrogen dioxide

O₃Ozone

SO₂Sulphur dioxide

Trends and recent history

How this compares

What this means for you

For most people

If you are more sensitive

Estimated air-quality outlook

Why the outlook looks like this

What this outlook cannot tell you

Explain this reading

Where this reading comes from

Station detail

PM2.5, fine particulate matter

PM10, coarse particulate matter

Nitrogen dioxide

Ozone

Sulphur dioxide